In 2015, a landmark agreement was signed in Mali, aiming to bring peace and reconciliation to the country after years of conflict and instability. The agreement was the result of months of negotiations between the government and various armed groups, with the mediation of the international community, including the United Nations.

The context of the conflict in Mali is complex and multifaceted, with various political, social, and economic factors at play. In short, the conflict began in 2012 when armed groups, including jihadist movements, took control of the northern part of the country, declaring independence and imposing their own Sharia law. The Malian government, with the support of France and other international actors, launched a military operation to retake control of the north, but the conflict continued, leading to widespread violence, displacement, and human rights abuses.

The 2015 agreement, known as the Agreement on Peace and Reconciliation in Mali, sought to address the root causes of the conflict and establish a framework for lasting peace. Among its key provisions were the recognition of the multicultural and multiethnic nature of Mali, the promotion of social and economic development in the north and other disadvantaged regions, the disarmament and integration of armed groups into the national security forces, and the establishment of a truth and reconciliation commission to address past abuses and grievances.

While the agreement was hailed as a major step towards peace and stability in Mali, its implementation has faced considerable challenges. Some armed groups refused to sign or comply with the agreement, while others have continued to carry out attacks and sabotage efforts. The Malian government has also faced criticism for its slow and inadequate implementation of key provisions, such as the disarmament and integration of former rebels.

Despite these challenges, there have been some positive developments in Mali in recent years, including successful elections and the establishment of a new government that has pledged to prioritize peace and reconciliation efforts. International support for Mali has also continued, with aid and investment focused on a range of areas, including security, governance, and economic development.

Overall, the 2015 agreement on peace and reconciliation in Mali remains a crucial milestone in the country`s efforts to overcome its longstanding conflict and move towards a more peaceful and prosperous future. While much work remains to be done, the agreement provides a foundation for continued dialogue, cooperation, and progress towards lasting peace and stability in Mali.